汕头港湾附近水域潮流特征和污染物扩散的数值计算 Ⅰ汕头港湾附近水域潮流特征及数值模拟

汕头港湾附近水域的潮流特征，由于拦沙堤的建成及港池附近河道变窄而发生了一些变化。本文在取得现场实测资料的基础上，采用沿深度平均的二维浅水潮波方程，对该水体的潮流场进行了数值模拟计算，重现出潮流场在一个潮周期中的变化过程，分析潮流对污染扩散的作用。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定轻质油中痕量砷时样品前处理方法的探讨

研究了轻质油中痕量砷的几种样品处理方法。实验表明，石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定时，用碘-甲苯和H2O2-HNO3相结合处理轻质油样品较为合适，萃取效率可达90％。并对影响萃取测定的其它因素作了初步探讨。     

非洲鲫鱼Tilapia mossambica(Peters)对汞积累的实验研究

海洋鱼类对汞积累的研究报道,尚不多见.许多学者认为主要是海洋鱼类在室内较长期培养有一定的困难.我们采用在海水中培养的非洲鲫鱼作为实验材料,进行了汞积累的研究. 材料和方法 非洲鲫鱼是一种热带、广盐性鱼类,是水产养殖的优良品种.我们采用平均体长约5cm、9cm,平均体重约3g、10g两种.将鱼苗运回实验室,经过一周的驯化完全过渡到海水中,再驯化两周,然后选择健康的个体进行实验。     

新型高效台车式退火炉研制

退火炉采取小燃烧室,对工件实行侧下加热、强化绝热措施复合炉衬、二次均热风管、扩张室沉降等五项措施.目的是为了提高炉的热效率和炉温的均匀度.在耗煤量较低的情况下能保持较高的燃烧室强度.有利于强化燃烧和减少蓄散热损失.实行扩张室沉降,在不加任何除尘装置的条件下烟尘排放浓度达到了国家标准新规定的排放要求,而且大大改善了工人的劳动条件.     

充分发挥作物品种资源在粮食增产中的作用

我国十分重视品种资源的收集保存和研究利用，并利用各种优异品种资源育成一批又一批新品种，主要粮食作物推广的品种经历了４～５次更换，随之粮食作物产量由５０年代的１１５５ｋｇ／ｈm₂增加到１９９４年的４０６５ｋｇ／ｈm₂。迄今，我国收集的粮食作物品种资源约２４万份，并对其中２０万份进行了主要农艺性状、品质、抗逆、抗病虫鉴定和评价，筛选出大量具有优良性状的资源，有的已在我国粮食增产中发挥了明显作用，应充分利用新技术，加速现有粮食作物品种资源的鉴定和开发利用；根据生产和育种的需要，不断收集新资源，深入鉴定筛选优良资源；并创造新物种或中间材料。     

黄山风景区物质容量研究

系统地分析了旅游区物质容量与其子容量之间的关系,根据黄山区风景区客流空间负荷特点,认为北海游览区是黄山风景区物质容量的“瓶照”最低水桶板原则,合理计算了黄山风景区物质容量;详细探讨了扩大黄山风景区物质容量的若干途径。     

Assessment of tap water quality and corrosion scales from the selected distribution systems in northern Pakistan

Corrosion deposits formed within drinking water distribution systems deteriorate drinking water quality and resultantly cause public health consequences. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the concurrent conditions of corrosion scales and the drinking water quality in selected water supply schemes (WSS) in districts Chitral, Peshawar, and Abbottabad, northern Pakistan. Characterization analyses of the corrosion by-products revealed the presence of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄, and SiO₂ as major constituents with different proportions. The constituents of all the representative XRD peaks of Peshawar WSS were found insignificant as compared to other WSS, and the reason could be the variation of source water quality. Well-crystallized particles in SEM images indicated the formation of dense oxide layer on corrosion by-products. A wider asymmetric vibration peak of SiO₂ appeared only in Chitral and Abbottabad WSS, which demonstrated higher siltation in the water source. One-way ANOVA analysis showed significant variations in pH, turbidity, TDS, K, Mg, PO₄, Cl, and SO₄ values, which revealed that these parameters differently contributed to the source water quality. Findings from this study suggested the implementation of proper corrosion prevention measures and the establishment of international collaboration for best corrosion practices, expertise, and developing standards.     

Assessment and potential sources of metals in the surface sediments of the Yellow River Delta,Eastern China

The Yellow River Delta is the most intact estuary wetland in China and suffers from great pressure of metals. Seventy-seven surface sediment samples were collected in the delta, and contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Mn were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry and those of Hg and As by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that means of metal contents (ppm, dry weight) were as follows: Hg, 0.04; Cr, 61.72; Cu, 20.97; Zn, 60.73; As, 9.47; Pb, 21.91; Cd, 0.12; Ni, 27.24; and Mn, 540.48. 43.8% of Hg and 14.3% of Cd were from the allogenic source while others from the authigenic source. The results of the geoaccumulation indexes appeared that 6.5% of sites from the estuarine and the Gudao areas were moderately polluted by Hg. All ecological risk index values of Hg and 37.7% of Cd were more than 40, which were the main factors of strongly and moderately potential ecological risks of 37.7% of sites in the delta. High Cd contents may be due to the alkaline conditions of the delta and the unreasonable management of the farmland, while the abnormal distribution of Hg to the wet or dry deposition and the erosion of the seawater. It was suggested to monitor Hg content in the atmosphere of the Yellow River Delta. The results were expected to update the pollution status of metals in the delta and created awareness of preserving the sound condition of the Yellow River Delta.     

Evaluating the technical efficiencies of fishing vessels to achieve effective management of overexploited fisheries

Global marine capture fisheries are undergoing serious stress, with overfishing as one of the major problems. In order to mitigate the overexploitation of capture fisheries, government regulation or fisheries management is necessary. Among various management approaches, vessel quantity control is being widely employed. To achieve effective governance of fisheries, the technical efficiency (TE) issue needs to be considered in the implementation of vessel quantity control. Using the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) stick-held dip net fishery in Japan as a case study, this paper estimated the TE of sampled fishing vessels and explored the possible factors affecting the gap in efficiency. This paper aims to provide suggestions for a better implementation of vessel quantity control in global Pacific saury fishery, and also to serve as an empirical example of integrating TE analysis into management of overexploited fisheries for achieving satisfactory effects. Results show the TE score of the sampled fishery averaged around 0.7 from 2009 to 2014, and factors concerning owners/skippers’ motivation such as vessel ownership and specialization, vessel tonnage as well as skippers’ age show positive effects on the TE. Our findings in the present work provide important strategies for mitigating overexploitation in fisheries. Conducting technical efficiency analysis of targeted fisheries is a vital issue to be considered for designing and realizing an effective implementation of fisheries management approaches. The large vessels and the enthusiasm of vessel owners/skippers need to be particularly addressed when vessel quantity limit is considered to mitigate the problem of overfishing.